Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S (HbS), in red blood cells. This abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, impairing their ability to flow smoothly through blood vessels. Sickle-shaped red blood cells can block small blood vessels, leading to episodes of pain, known as sickle cell crises, as well as tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and other complications. Symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include anemia, fatigue, jaundice, pain, swelling of hands and feet, frequent infections, and delayed growth and development in children.
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