What Degree Do You Need to Be an Occupational Therapist? A Complete Guide

Occupational therapy is a rewarding profession that helps individuals of all ages regain or improve their ability to perform daily tasks after illness, injury, or disability. At West Coast University, our Master of Science in Occupational Therapy program helps prepare you with the knowledge, skills, and hands-on experience needed to excel in this profession. This guide will walk you through the degrees and certifications required to become a licensed occupational therapist, and how West Coast University can support you on this fulfilling career path.

Introduction to Occupational Therapy as a Career

Occupational therapists (OTs) work with patients to improve their quality of life by helping them develop, recover, or maintain the skills needed for everyday functioning. As healthcare professionals, OTs collaborate with a team of specialists to create customized treatment plans that address physical, emotional, or developmental challenges. OTs can play a crucial role in enabling individuals to perform daily activities at any point throughout their lifespan.

The Role of an Occupational Therapist

Occupational therapists work with patients to assess their needs, develop treatment plans, and implement interventions to help them achieve their goals in improving their quality of life. This can include:

• Conducting assessments to identify an individual’s strengths, weaknesses, and needs
• Developing treatment plans that address an individual’s physical, emotional, and social needs
• Implementing interventions, such as exercises, activities, and strategies, to help individuals achieve their goals
• Collaborating with other healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists, speech therapists, and psychologists, to ensure comprehensive care
• Educating individuals and their families on strategies and techniques to promote independence and participation in daily activities

Occupational therapists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, schools, clinics, and private practices. They may work with individuals of all ages, from children to older adults, and may specialize in specific areas, such as pediatrics, gerontology, or mental health¹.

Educational Path to Becoming an Occupational Therapist

What Degree Do You Need to Be an Occupational Therapist?

To become an OT, you must complete several stages of higher education. Here’s a breakdown:

1. Bachelor’s Degree: Obtaining a bachelor’s degree is the first step in the journey to becoming an occupational therapist. While no specific major is required, some programs may prefer degrees in fields related to health sciences, psychology, or biology.
2. Master of Science in Occupational Therapy (MSOT): A master’s degree is a popular educational path to becoming an occupational therapist. An MSOT usually takes less time to attain than doctorate program options.
3. Occupational Therapy Doctorate (OTD): As an alternative to a master’s degree, some students decide to pursue an Occupational Therapy Doctorate. This is the preferred pathway for those interested in leadership positions, or who would like to eventually open their own practice. OTD students are required to complete extra classes and training, which is why this educational path usually takes longer than an MSOT program. They are also expected to complete a capstone experience as part of the curriculum.

Most programs offer either an Occupational Therapy Doctorate (OTD) or a Master of Science in Occupational Therapy (MSOT), both of which prepare students for professional certification. Some schools, like West Coast University, offer both types of degrees.

Do You Need a Master’s for Occupational Therapy?

1. Why a Master’s Degree (or Doctorate) is Necessary: Yes, a master’s degree (or doctorate) is required to become a licensed OT. This advanced education equips students with specialized knowledge and practical experience to assess and treat patients effectively. Accreditation from the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) is crucial, and graduates must follow the steps necessary to attain licensure and certification in the field.
2. Transition from Bachelor’s to Master’s Level: Previously, some OTs could practice with only a bachelor’s degree, but the field has transitioned to require a master’s due to the increasing complexity of healthcare needs and higher standards for patient care.

How Many Years Does It Take to Become an Occupational Therapist?

Timeline Breakdown

4. Undergraduate Studies (4 years): Most prospective OTs complete a four-year bachelor’s degree before applying to an OT graduate program. However, there are alternatives. For example, if you already have an Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA) certification (like the one offered by WCU), a bachelor’s degree is not required to pursue an MSOT.
5. Master’s Program (2-3 years): A master’s degree in occupational therapy typically takes 2 to 3 years of rigorous coursework to complete, depending on the program structure. Occupational therapy programs typically require extensive classroom learning along with mandatory clinical rotations in various settings as part of the curriculum.
6. Doctorate Program (< 3 years): Those who choose to go the doctorate route to becoming a licensed occupational therapist will have to complete an extra semester of coursework beyond what would be required of a master’s program, in addition to completing a capstone requirement. While not required to become an OT, this pathway is ideal for students interested in leadership positions or who would like to open their own practice.
7. Fieldwork and Internships: Students are also required to complete several months of supervised fieldwork to gain hands-on experience.

Factors That May Affect the Timeline

1. Part-Time vs. Full-Time Study: If you choose to study part-time, the total duration of your education could extend beyond the typical six to seven years.
2. Accelerated Programs: Some universities offer accelerated programs that combine undergraduate and graduate coursework, potentially allowing students to become OTs in a shorter time frame.

For more details about the educational timeline, check out our comprehensive breakdown in How Long is Occupational Therapy School?.

Which Majors Become Occupational Therapists?

Occupational therapists come from a diverse range of educational backgrounds. While the majors listed below are among the most popular for occupational therapists, it’s important to remember that a graduate with a bachelor’s degree in any major can apply for OT programs.

Popular Undergraduate Majors

1. Psychology
2. Biology
3. Kinesiology
4. Health Sciences

These majors provide foundational knowledge in human anatomy, behavior, and health, which are all relevant to OT work.

Other Common Majors for Occupational Therapy

1. Sociology
2. Anthropology
3. Education
4. Exercise Science

These fields provide valuable insights into human interaction, culture, and physical health, all of which are beneficial for aspiring OTs.

Occupational Therapist Schooling Requirements

Prerequisites for OT Programs

1. Specific Coursework: Most programs require courses in anatomy, physiology, psychology, and statistics. Check with individual schools to confirm their specific prerequisites.
2. GPA Requirements: A competitive GPA (often 3.0 or higher) is typically required for admission into an OT master’s program.

Admission Requirements for OT Master’s Programs

1. GRE Scores: Many OT programs require the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) as part of the application process.
2. Letters of Recommendation: Strong recommendations from professors or professionals in the healthcare field can strengthen your application.
3. Observation Hours: Programs may require applicants to complete a certain number of observation hours under a licensed OT to gain exposure to the profession.

What Do You Need to Become an Occupational Therapist?

Educational Requirements Recap

To become an OT, you need to complete either an OTA certification or bachelor’s degree and a master’s in occupational therapy, along with the required fieldwork.

Licensure and Certification

1. NBCOT Exam: After completing your master’s degree, you must pass the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) exam to become certified.
2. State Licensure: Each state has its own licensure requirements, but passing the NBCOT exam is a universal requirement for practicing OTs in the U.S.

Soft Skills and Personal Qualities

1. Empathy and Communication Skills: OTs must have excellent interpersonal skills to work with patients of all backgrounds and needs.
2. Problem-Solving Abilities: OTs often face complex cases that require creative solutions to improve a patient’s daily functioning.
3. Patience and Adaptability: Working with patients who face various challenges requires patience and the ability to adapt treatment plans as needed.

Is a Career in Occupational Therapy Right for You?

Those considering a career in occupational therapy are drawn to the field for numerous reasons:

• Occupational therapy is a rewarding career that allows you to make a positive impact on individuals’ lives.
• Occupational therapists have a high level of job satisfaction and report feeling fulfilled in their work.
• Occupational therapists have a wide range of job opportunities, including working in hospitals, schools, clinics, and private practices.

To become an occupational therapist, you will need to earn a master’s degree in occupational therapy and obtain national certification. You will also need to complete a certain number of hours of fieldwork and pass a national certification examination. If you are passionate about helping others and want a rewarding career that allows you to make a positive impact on individuals’ lives, occupational therapy may be the right career for you.

Career Outlook and Advancement

Specialization Options

OTs can specialize in areas such as pediatric care, geriatric care, mental health, or rehabilitation, allowing for career diversity and the potential to work in a variety of settings.

Continuing Education and Professional Development

To maintain licensure, OTs must complete continuing education courses. Professional development is crucial for staying current with the latest techniques and technologies in the field.

Your Path to a Rewarding Career in Occupational Therapy Starts Here

Becoming an occupational therapist requires dedication, a master’s degree, and licensure, but many OTs find the career rewarding and worth the effort. If you’re passionate about helping others live more independent and fulfilling lives, occupational therapy could be the right path for you. With growing demand and opportunities for specialization, now is an excellent time to pursue this fulfilling profession. Explore how West Coast University’s Master of Science in Occupational Therapy program can help you take the next step toward this rewarding career!

¹Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Occupational Therapists

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WCU provides career guidance and assistance but cannot guarantee employment. The views and opinions expressed are those of the individuals and do not necessarily reflect the beliefs or position of the school or of any instructor or student.